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Panoramic images are non-diagnostic for periodontal conditions primarily because they cannot accurately capture certain critical details of interproximal areas, where periodontal disease often manifests. Interproximal craters, which are localized areas of bone loss between the teeth, particularly in molars, represent the destructive effects of periodontal disease that are best visualized through more localized imaging methods, such as periapical or vertical bitewing radiographs. These images provide better clarity and detail in the interproximal regions, allowing for a more thorough assessment of the periodontal status.

In panoramic radiographs, the inherent distortion and overlapping of structures hinder the ability to clearly visualize the interproximal areas. Thus, although panoramic images can provide a broad overview of dental structures and general bone levels, they fall short in providing the necessary detail required for diagnosing interproximal bone loss and other localized periodontal conditions effectively.